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Acta méd. peru ; 31(3): 138-149, jul.-set. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-735430

ABSTRACT

Introducción. En 2009, en la Región Cusco se reportaron 395 casos confirmados de nueva influenza A(H1N1) -NIAH1N1-, 15 defunciones, con alta tasa de letalidad (3,8 %). Los efectos posteriores al cuadro agudo son los temas menos investigados, aunque es importante estudiar la presencia de disfunción respiratoria a seis meses de seguimiento. Objetivo. Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados (FRA) a la presencia y características de las alteraciones respiratorias clínicas, espirométricas y radiográficas al sexto mes de seguimiento en sujetos con antecedente de infección por la NIAH1N1. Métodos. Estudio de corte transversal, en 118 pacientes mayores de 14 años, seis meses después de haber tenido un cuadro de NIAH1N1, confirmado por PCRrt, sin antecedente de afección pulmonar previa en 2009. Resultados. Casi 7 de cada 10 sujetos presentó alguna alteración, las espirométrica y clínica fueron las más frecuentes. La patología de riesgo asociada (RP = 4,11 [IC95% = 2,49-6,78], p = 0,0000002), la demora en el inicio del tratamiento antiviral específico (RP = 4,56 [IC95% = 2,48-8,37], p = 0,0000001) y la presencia de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda grave (IRAG) (RP = 11,35 [IC95% = 4,2730,17], p = 0,0000000) son FRA a alteraciones clínicas; la patología de riesgo asociada (RP = 12,52 [IC95% = 2,7-58,08], p = 0,00003), un FRA a alteración radiográfica; la presencia de IRAG (RP = 1,33 [IC95% = 1,02-1,74], p = 0,04), un FRA a alteración espirométrica. Conclusiones. La NIAH1N1 produce alteraciones clínicas, espirométricas y radiográficas a seis meses de presentado el cuadro agudo, y los FRA son patología de riesgo asociada, demora en el inicio del tratamiento antiviral específico y presencia de IRAG, que deben ser considerados para el tratamiento apropiado, y realizar el seguimiento respectivo y prevenir estas alteraciones.


Background. In 2009, in Cusco region was reported 395 cases of Novel Influenza A(H1N1), 15 deaths (lethality rate = 3,8 %), becoming serious public health problem. The post-acute effects are least investigated topics, and still scarce literature; to be important, to study the presence of respiratory dysfunction at six months follow-up. Objective. To determine the risk factors associated (RFA) to clinical respiratory disorder, spirometric and x-ray abnormalities, observed after sixth month follow-up in patients with influenza AH1N1. Methods. A cross sectional study was developed in 118 patients over 14 years old, six months after having influenza AH1N1 confirmed by PCRrt test, no history of lung disease before 2009. Results. Nearly 7 of every 10 of patients had some type of modifications, the spirometric and clinical disorders were most frequent. The disease of risk associated (PR = 4,11 [95%IC = 2,49-6,78], p = 0,0000002), the delay in specific antiviral treatment (PR = 4,56 [95%IC = 2,48-8,37], p = 0,0000001), and the presence of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) (PR = 11,35 [95%IC = 4,27-30,17], p = 0,0000000) were the RFA to clinical respiratory disorder. The disease of risk associated (PR = 12,52 [95%IC = 2,7-58,08], p = 0,00003) was associated to radiographic abnormalities. The presence of SARI (PR = 1,33 [95%IC = 1,02-1,74], p = 0,04) was associated to spirometric abnormalities. Conclusions. The influenza AH1N1 produces clinical respiratory, spirometric and radiographic abnormalities; which are present six months after the acute episode. There are RFA how the disease of risk associated, delay in the specific treatment, and presence of SARI, that require consideration, to give appropriate treatment and the respective follow, and prevent these abnormalities.


Subject(s)
Respiratory System Abnormalities , Risk Factors , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
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